Innovative Visualization of Warfare in Peninsular Malaysia Using Cartographic Applications

Abstract

The visualization of historical conflicts plays a crucial role in preserving and understanding the past. This research examines the innovation of war visualization in Peninsular Malaysia through cartographic applications, focusing on three main objectives: identifying detailed historical information on significant conflicts; developing thematic maps using advanced cartographic techniques; and evaluating user acceptance of the resulting maps. A mixed-methods approach was employed for data collection, combining archival research and expert interviews. Historical records from national archives, libraries, and online repositories were analyzed, while semi-structured interviews with cartographers provided contextual insights. Cartographic Assisted Computer (CAC) systems and digital mapping tools, including ArcGIS, Paint.NET, and Canva, were utilized to create thematic maps. The analysis presents comprehensive data on major conflicts across various states in Peninsular Malaysia, detailing key events, locations, and historical figures. Thematic maps effectively illustrate the spatial and temporal dimensions of these conflicts, integrating detailed historical information. User evaluation involving historians, students, and lecturers (N = 120) indicated high satisfaction with the clarity, informativeness, and usability of the maps. The findings highlight that cartographic visualization enhances historical understanding, offering an engaging and interactive approach to exploring the war history of Peninsular Malaysia.

Keywords: Visualization, cartographic applications, thematic maps, historical