Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
type: channel
description: JTVE eISSN:0128-0821. Index by and is a journal publish yearly since 2015. This is also continuation of the research papers presented in iCompEx or any conference organize by polytechnic (as special edition) where selected research papers published annually. Every submission is Free of Charge. In order for you to submit your article, you (author) should Register at; http://www.upikpolimas.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JTVE/user/register _____________________________________________________ View Journal Paper Published at; http://upikpolimas.edu.my/ojs/index.php/JTVE/issue/archive
publisher: Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah
language: en
publication name: Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
issn: 2289-9472
copyright: Unit Penyelidikan, Inovasi dan Komersialan POLIMAS
items: Determinants of International Tourists' Intention to Choose Green Hotels: Examining the Roles of Eco-Friendly Activities, Attitudes, and Hotel Attributes
items: Keberkesanan Program Pembelajaran Berasaskan Kerja (Work-Based Learning - WBL) Dalam Meningkatkan Kebolehpasaran Graduan Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
items: Development of Mobile Android Application for Structural Analysis (MAPSA)
items: Smart Pipe Leakage Detector
items: Canarium Odontophyllum Waste-Based Activated Carbon for COD Reductions In Textile Wastewater
items: Amalan 3R dan Hubungkait Dengan Isu Semasa Iklim Global Di Kalangan Komuniti Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah (PSAS)
items: The Effectiveness of Gamification Using the BuildSmart Mastermind Application Among Diploma in Quantity Surveying Students in Malaysian Polytechnics
items: Penilaian Prestasi Terma Panel Siling Pelapis Buluh Semantan Sebagai Alternatif Mesra Alam Kepada Asbestos
items: From Prompt to Practice: A Case Study of Generative AI Tool Integration among TVET Students at POLIMAS
items: GRADVIEW+: Development Of A Digital Graduate Identification System For Convocation Events
items: Keberkesanan Kit Robot Sumo Sebagai Alat Bantu Mengajar bagi Pelajar STEM di Sekolah Menengah
items: Empowered by AI: Investigating the Role of AI Tools in Fostering Self-Directed Learning and Motivation among TVET Students
items: Pembangunan dan Penilaian Sistem Kawalan Suis Pintar Berasaskan Internet of Things (IoT) bagi Meningkatkan Keselamatan dan Kecekapan Tenaga Elektrik di Hostel Pekerja
items: Development of a Virtual Reality (VR)-Based Interactive Quiz Using the ASSURE Model for Polytechnic Students
items: A Review of Integrative Approaches for Sustainable Biogas: Optimizing Production, Purification, and Environmental Mitigation
items: Assessment of River Water Quality Using Physicochemical Parameters andWater Quality Index (WQI): A Case Study of Sungai Besar, Tunjang,Kedah
items: Pendekatan Pelaksanaan Inisiatif Program Bandar Pintar Terhadap Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Di Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah (POLIMAS)
items: Automatic Shoe Drying Cabinet
items: Smart Control Vehicle with Automated Rat Poison Dispensing System
items: Kesan Pempengaruh Digital Terhadap Hasrat Pembelian Pengguna Di Media Sosial.
items: Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan Penjana Tenaga Elektrik Mudah Alih Berasaskan Tenaga Mekanikal Spring
items: Reka Bentuk Pen 3D untuk Filamen Kitar Semula
items: Rekabentuk Plastic Shredder
items: Penghasilan Eco Brick Bagi Kegunaan Landskap
items: Pet Filament Machine
items: Pembangunan Acuan Suntikan Secara Manual
items: Alat Bantu Mengajar Bagi Kursus DJC40042 Plastic Production Process
items: Mesin Thermoforming Mini untuk Pembelajaran Sekolah Menengah
items: Understanding the Learning Drivers of First-Year Accounting Students at POLIMAS
items: Empirical Study on The Relationship Between Relationship Marketing Orientation and Customer Retention in Travel Agency Services

Determinants of International Tourists' Intention to Choose Green Hotels: Examining the Roles of Eco-Friendly Activities, Attitudes, and Hotel Attributes
type: item
description: Abstract: The hospitality industry faces growing pressure from consumers, regulators, and environmental groups to adopt sustainable practices. Hotel operators are responding by recognizing the environmental impact of their operations and implementing green initiatives to improve sustainability performance. As tourists’ environmental awareness grows, demand for responsible products and services has increased, making it essential for the industry to strengthen the concept of green hotels. Green hotels are accommodation establishments committed to sustainable practices, including energy conservation, water efficiency, and waste reduction. These initiatives minimize environmental impact, improve operational efficiency, and meet environmentally conscious consumers’ expectations. This study examines how environmentally friendly activities, eco-friendly attitudes, and hotel attributes influence tourists’ intention to choose green hotels. Using intercept survey data from tourists at four international airports in Malaysia, the findings confirm that environmentally friendly behaviours, eco-friendly attitudes, and green hotel attributes positively influence intention to select and stay in green hotels among tourists with higher environmental awareness, who better recognize and value hotels’ stronger environmental practices more. Keywords: International Tourist, Green marketing practices, Green hotel, Environmental friendly attitude.
subject: Social Science (Finance, Management, Accounting, Business, Humanities)
  topic: section
creator: Azli Bin Muhammad
creator: Nur Nadia Azleen Azli
creator: Mohd Zainal bin Mat Il
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30

Keberkesanan Program Pembelajaran Berasaskan Kerja (Work-Based Learning - WBL) Dalam Meningkatkan Kebolehpasaran Graduan Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
type: item
description: Kajian ini bertujuan menilai keberkesanan Program Pembelajaran Berasaskan Kerja (Work-Based Learning - WBL) di Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah dalam meningkatkan kebolehpasaran graduan melalui pembangunan kemahiran teknikal dan insaniah. Menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, soal selidik skala Likert 5-mata telah diedarkan kepada 63 responden graduan yang pernah menyertai program ini. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk melihat taburan min dan analisis korelasi bagi menentukan hubungan antara pemboleh ubah kajian. Dapatan menunjukkan keberkesanan program secara keseluruhan adalah sangat tinggi dengan skor min melebihi 4.00 bagi setiap aspek. Pembangunan kemahiran insaniah mencatatkan skor tertinggi (min=4.55), diikuti oleh kualiti penyeliaan (min=4.48), pembangunan kemahiran teknikal (min=4.45), dan persekitaran pembelajaran (min=4.45). Walau bagaimanapun, aspek penggunaan perisian industri (min=4.25) dan kesesuaian pekerjaan dengan bidang pengajian (min=4.14) mencatatkan skor yang lebih rendah, menunjukkan wujudnya jurang dalam aplikasi teknologi terkini serta pemadanan kerjaya. Hasil kajian membuktikan WBL memberi impak positif yang signifikan terhadap kesediaan kerja dan keyakinan graduan dalam melaksanakan tanggungjawab profesional. Kajian ini mencadangkan penstrukturan semula beban kerja akademik agar pelajar dapat fokus sepenuhnya kepada industri, penetapan elaun sara hidup yang munasabah, serta pemantauan sistematik bagi memastikan kualiti bimbingan yang konsisten. Implikasi kajian ini dapat membantu pihak pengurusan politeknik dan rakan industri memperkukuhkan kolaborasi bagi menghasilkan graduan yang kompeten serta memenuhi standard pasaran kerja semasa. Key words: Work-Based Learning (WBL), Kebolehpasaran Graduan, Kemahiran Teknikal, Kemahiran Insaniah, Politeknik
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Nor Hazlin Binti Md Gharip
creator: Norliana Binti Sarpin
creator: Alimi Bin Yasinan
creator: Ainul Haezah Binti Noruzaman
creator: Jamilah Binti Abbas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 204
ending page: 214

Development of Mobile Android Application for Structural Analysis (MAPSA)
type: item
description: Abstract: This research highlights the development of a mobile Android application for structural analysis (MAPSA) to enhance student motivation in the subject analysis of structure, which is difficult for students to score. Hence, new development on the student-centred learning were transformed into the industrial revolution of IR4.0, where the subject can be guided through the MAPSA for students' revision on this subject. Key words: Mobile Application; structural analysis; buckling; Moment of Inertia; Modulus Young; stress
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Nubailah Abd Hamid
creator: Noor Mohd Kamal Bin Mat
creator: Sharizal Bin Shamsudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 48
ending page: 58

Smart Pipe Leakage Detector
type: item
description: Abstract: Water leakage in concealed or underground piping systems often causes significant water loss and increases maintenance costs. This project aims to design and develop a Smart Pipe Leakage Detection System that efficiently detects leaks using acoustic sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. It supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6: Clean Water and Sanitation and SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure by promoting efficient water management and sustainable innovation. The system integrates a stethoscope-type acoustic sensor to detect abnormal pipe vibrations, an ESP32 microcontroller for data processing and wireless communication, and the Blynk IoT platform for real-time monitoring. When a leak is detected, the system alerts users through indicator lights, mobile notifications, and email alerts. Product testing involved simulating different leak conditions to analyze accuracy and response time. Results showed that the system reliably detects leaks and provides instant notifications. User evaluation confirmed the system’s effectiveness, efficiency, and ease of maintenance. This smart system helps reduce water wastage, lower repair costs, and support sustainable water management practices. In conclusion, this project demonstrates a reliable and innovative leak detection solution for modern infrastructure. Key words: Pipe leakage, acoustic sensor, leak detection, water management
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Jamilah binti Abbas
creator: Nor Hazlin binti Md Gharip
creator: Azizi Mursidy bin Zainol Abidin
creator: Zarina binti Mat Sapri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 47

Canarium Odontophyllum Waste-Based Activated Carbon for COD Reductions In Textile Wastewater
type: item
description: Abstract: It has been successfully studied how to synthesize activated carbons from the seeds of Canarium odontophyllum (COAC) via physicochemical activation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification and potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation were used to do physicochemical activation. The reduction of COD in industrial textile effluent was used to assess the COAC's adsorption efficacy. Using an experimental methodology, the findings showed that the adsorption performance for all pollutants was significantly influenced by the activation temperature, activation time, and KOH impregnation ratio (IR). The ideal COAC preparation parameters were 798℃ for activation temperature, 1.16 hours for activation time, and 2.65 for IR. COAC resulted in a 64.10% decrease in COD. The Langmuir model provided the best fit for the adsorption of the adsorbate onto COAC. Keywords: Activated carbon, textile wastewater, physicochemical activation, textile wastewater
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Muhd Nazmi bin Ismail
creator: Syahira binti Mohd Zayadi
creator: Mohd Fauze bin Abd Aziz
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 40

Amalan 3R dan Hubungkait Dengan Isu Semasa Iklim Global Di Kalangan Komuniti Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah (PSAS)
type: item
description: Abstract: Amalan 3R iaitu pengurangan penghasilan sisa pepejal, guna semula dan kitar semula sudah lama diperkenalkan di Malaysia. Namun, masih ramai lagi dalam kalangan komuniti yang tidak menyedari kepentingan melaksanakan amalan 3R. Amalan 3R seharusnya dipraktikkan secara rutin seharian. Amalan ini juga bukanlah satu perkara yang berat untuk dilakukan dalam kalangan pelajar dan komuniti, malahan dapat membantu pelajar dan komuniti lebih prihatin berkaitan isu semasa perubahan iklim secara global. Justeru itu, bagi merealisasikan kampus lestari di Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah (PSAS), maka kajian ini dijalankan terhadap pelajar dan komuniti PSAS untuk mengenal pasti tahap amalan 3R dalam kalangan komuniti PSAS dengan menganalisis amalan dan kesedaran komuniti PSAS dalam mengamalkan amalan 3R di sekitar PSAS dan mengkaji kesedaran terhadap isu semasa berkaitan perubahan iklim global. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah pendekatan berbentuk kuantitatif melalui edaran borang selidik secara dalam talian. Responden yang terlibat dalam kajian ini adalah seramai 149, merangkumi pelajar dan kakitangan daripada pelbagai jantina dan jabatan yang berbeza. Kaedah analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif peratusan, purata dan skor min. Selain itu, kajian ini juga menggunakan statistik inferensi dari korelasi Spearman’s rho dan Anova sehala. Pemilihan sampel adalah berdasarkan persampelan rawak mudah dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 26.0. Dapatan kajian ini mendapati tahap amalan 3R melalui beberapa aspek, merangkumi amalan mengumpul dan mendermakan barangan terpakai, menggunakan bekas yang boleh dikitar dan diguna semula, dan menggurangkan penggunaan beg plastik berada di tahap tinggi. Manakala dalam mengamalkan amalan 3R yang berhubung dengan perubahan iklim global juga berada di tahap yang tinggi serta bagi penglibatan kempen dan ceramah berkaitan amalan 3R dan isu semasa iklim global dan skor min ialah 4.99 di mana responden menyatakan mampu mengubah gaya hidup dan menj…
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Zakiah Bt Aksah
creator: Ayuni Binti Md Yusof
creator: Nur Qiam Farhana Binti Adnan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 27

The Effectiveness of Gamification Using the BuildSmart Mastermind Application Among Diploma in Quantity Surveying Students in Malaysian Polytechnics
type: item
description: Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the BuildSmart Mastermind application in enhancing students’ knowledge in the field of Quantity Surveying. Although gamification has gained growing attention in educational research, its effectiveness within Quantity Surveying programmes in Malaysian Polytechnics remains underexplored in supporting the conceptual mastery of quantity measurement. A quantitative approach was employed involving 140 students from Politeknik Sultan Azlan Shah, Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah, Politeknik Kota Bharu, and Politeknik Kota Kinabalu. The research instrument consisted of a self-developed questionnaire using a five-point Likert scale that included demographic information and items aligned with the study objectives. The data were analysed descriptively, with mean scores used to determine the effectiveness level of the gamification application. The findings show that all evaluated elements fall within the high category, with a mean score of 4.514, indicating that BuildSmart Mastermind supports flexible revision, strengthens understanding of quantity measurement concepts, and enhances student engagement. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence that strengthens the pedagogical value of gamification in technical and vocational education, highlighting its potential to improve learning effectiveness and to support technology-driven instructional strategies that prioritise engagement, autonomy, and deeper conceptual understanding. Keywords: Gamification, Quantity Surveying, Malaysian Polytechnics
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Muhammad Sukri Abdul Hamid
creator: Azirah Adnan
creator: Khairul Anuar Abdul Manap
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 10
ending page: 16

Penilaian Prestasi Terma Panel Siling Pelapis Buluh Semantan Sebagai Alternatif Mesra Alam Kepada Asbestos
type: item
description: Abstrak: Asbestos telah lama digunakan dalam industri pembinaan sebagai bahan siling kerana sifat penebatnya yang baik. Namun, risiko kesihatan yang tinggi akibat pendedahan kepada asbestos menuntut pencarian bahan alternatif yang lebih selamat dan lestari. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai prestasi terma panel siling berasaskan pelapis buluh Semantan sebagai pengganti mesra alam kepada asbestos. Sampel panel bersaiz 100 mm × 100 mm × 10 mm telah dihasilkan menggunakan buluh Semantan dengan aplikasi resin fenol formaldehid (PF) dan salutan epoksi. Ujian kekonduksian haba menggunakan Hot Disk Thermal Constants Analyzer menunjukkan nilai purata 0.194 W/m·K, lebih rendah berbanding kekonduksian haba asbestos (0.31 W/m·K). Ujian kadar kandungan kelembapan pula mencatat purata 6.14%, iaitu dalam julat selamat untuk bahan binaan dalaman. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahawa panel siling buluh Semantan bukan sahaja berpotensi sebagai bahan penebat terma yang cekap, malah menyumbang ke arah pembangunan bahan binaan hijau yang lebih selamat, mapan dan sesuai untuk aplikasi di iklim tropika. Kata Kunci: Buluh Semantan, Panel siling, Kekonduksian haba, Kelembapan, Bahan binaan hijau.
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Nor Hazian Osman
creator: Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmad
creator: Zuryani Ramli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

From Prompt to Practice: A Case Study of Generative AI Tool Integration among TVET Students at POLIMAS
type: item
description: The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools such as ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot has reshaped learning practices in higher education. While much existing research focuses on students’ perceptions and technology acceptance through quantitative approaches, limited qualitative evidence examines how GenAI tools are embedded within students’ actual academic workflows, particularly in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) contexts. Addressing this gap, this qualitative case study investigates how Semester 5 Information Technology students at Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah (POLIMAS) integrate GenAI tools into their academic routines. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, reflective journals, and document analysis. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings indicate that GenAI tool functions as an embedded learning companion within iterative academic workflows, supporting both writing-based and technical programming tasks. Importantly, students demonstrate regulatory awareness by verifying outputs, manually testing solutions, and adapting AI-generated responses to meet task requirements. This study provides context-specific insight into GenAI tool integration within Malaysian polytechnic education and highlights the importance of structured AI literacy in competency-based TVET environments.
subject: Teaching and Learning
  topic: section
creator: Nurbaya Ghazali
creator: Salehah binti Omar
creator: Noorheeza binti Mohd Zaidin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 158
ending page: 169

GRADVIEW+: Development Of A Digital Graduate Identification System For Convocation Events
type: item
description: Abstract: Convocation ceremonies are important events in higher education institutions. However, they often face operational challenges such as manual graduate verification, inaccurate name announcements, and inefficient ceremony management. These challenges may lead to delays, increased human error, and a less satisfactory experience for graduates and attendees. To address these issues, this study introduces GRADVIEW+, a graduate identification system developed using an Agile development approach that supports iterative design, continuous testing, and ongoing improvement. The system aims to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and coordination of convocation events across higher education institutions. GRADVIEW+ uses barcode technology as a unique identifier for each graduate, enabling faster and more reliable verification while retaining limited manual intervention where required. Compared with RFID-based solutions, the system offers advantages in cost efficiency, ease of deployment, and compatibility with existing infrastructure, making it a practical option for institutions with limited resources. GRADVIEW+ is integrated with a web-based application developed using Python and the Flask framework, enabling centralized management of graduate data. Graduate information is retrieved from a centralized database and displayed in real time on multiple screens to support accurate and timely communication during the ceremony. The system emphasizes reliability, scalability, and flexibility, allowing adaptation to institutions of different sizes and technical capacities. GRADVIEW+ has been successfully implemented in actual convocation ceremonies, demonstrating its practicality and effectiveness. Overall, the findings show that the proposed system provides a reliable and cost-effective solution for improving convocation operations and enhancing the graduate experience
subject: Computer , IT, Network
  topic: section
creator: Saadiah Mohamad
creator: Muhammad Khairi Bin Saad
creator: Ts. Abdul Aziz Ab Nasir
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 59
ending page: 70

Keberkesanan Kit Robot Sumo Sebagai Alat Bantu Mengajar bagi Pelajar STEM di Sekolah Menengah
type: item
description: Penggunaan robotik dalam Pendidikan Sains, Teknologi, Kejuruteraan dan Matematik (STEM) telah terbukti meningkatkan minat dan kemahiran pelajar dalam bidang sains, teknologi, kejuruteraan, dan matematik. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian terdahulu menunjukkan terdapat kekurangan aktiviti amali melibatkan penggunaan alatan sebenar dan kurangnya peluang pertandingan yang dapat memberi motivasi kepada pelajar sekolah menengah khususnya. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai keberkesanan Kit Robot Sumo sebagai alat bantu mengajar dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) STEM, khususnya dalam bidang robotik dan pengaturcaraan, serta mengenal pasti kesan terhadap kemahiran dan minat pelajar. Kajian menggunakan reka bentuk kuantitatif berbentuk tinjauan, dengan borang soal selidik Google Form yang diedarkan kepada 30 pelajar Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan di Kedah yang terlibat dalam kursus pengaturcaraan dan pertandingan Sumo Robot semasa Festival TVET@KKBDA 2025. Hasil menunjukkan Kit Robot Sumo meningkatkan kemahiran teknikal (80%), kreativiti (80%), kerja berpasukan (70%), serta minat pelajar untuk terus menggunakan kit (90%) dan meneruskan pembelajaran STEM (93.3%). Pelajar mencadangkan aktiviti diperluaskan melalui modul tambahan dan pertandingan berkala. Kesimpulannya, Kit Robot Sumo terbukti sebagai alat bantu mengajar yang berkesan, menyokong pembelajaran konsep STEM berasaskan praktikal, sambil memupuk kreativiti, menyediakan pelajar berkemahiran abad ke-21 dan minat berterusan dalam STEM.
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Muffili Mahadi
creator: SHAHREEN MANSOOR
creator: HAFIZAH ABDULLAH @ ALI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 71
ending page: 82

Empowered by AI: Investigating the Role of AI Tools in Fostering Self-Directed Learning and Motivation among TVET Students
type: item
description: The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in higher education has extended beyond task assistance to influencing students’ learning behaviours and motivation. In Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET), where independent problem-solving and technical competence are essential, understanding the developmental role of AI tools is increasingly important. This study investigates how AI tools contribute to self-directed learning and learning motivation among TVET students. A qualitative case study design was employed involving ten Semester 5 Information Technology students in a Malaysian polytechnic. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, reflective journals, and document analysis. Thematic analysis revealed two overarching themes. First, AI tools strengthened self-directed learning processes, particularly in planning, monitoring, and autonomous task execution. Second, AI usage enhanced students’ motivational states, including increased confidence, greater persistence, and reduced anxiety during technical challenges. While minor risks of over-reliance exist, students demonstrated controlled AI usage. Findings suggest AI functions as a developmental enabler in TVET learning environments. Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Self-directed learning; Motivation; TVET; Qualitative research
subject: Computer , IT, Network
  topic: section
creator: Azrul Nizah binti Yussof
creator: Nor Analiza binti Che Khalid
creator: Saadiah Mohamad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 170
ending page: 184

Pembangunan dan Penilaian Sistem Kawalan Suis Pintar Berasaskan Internet of Things (IoT) bagi Meningkatkan Keselamatan dan Kecekapan Tenaga Elektrik di Hostel Pekerja
type: item
description: Kebakaran yang berpunca daripada penggunaan arus elektrik berlebihan, litar pintas serta kecuaian pengguna merupakan isu keselamatan yang kerap berlaku di bangunan kediaman yang padat seperti hostel pekerja. Keadaan ini bukan sahaja mengancam keselamatan nyawa dan harta benda, malah menyumbang kepada pembaziran tenaga elektrik serta peningkatan kos operasi. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT), pelbagai penyelesaian pintar telah diperkenalkan bagi meningkatkan tahap pemantauan dan kawalan sistem elektrik secara masa nyata. Kajian ini bertujuan membangunkan dan menilai satu sistem kawalan suis pintar berasaskan IoT yang dilengkapi dengan fungsi pemutusan (cutoff) automatik bagi mengurangkan risiko kebakaran elektrik. Ia juga meningkatkan keselamatan pengguna serta menggalakkan penggunaan tenaga secara berhemah. Sistem yang dibangunkan menggunakan mikropengawal ESP32 sebagai unit pemprosesan utama, sensor arus ACS712 bagi pemantauan arus, sensor voltan ZMPT101B bagi pemantauan voltan serta modul relay bagi kawalan lampu dan soket. Aplikasi Blynk digunakan sebagai antara muka pengguna untuk tujuan pemantauan dan kawalan jarak jauh. Metodologi kajian merangkumi reka bentuk sistem, pembangunan perkakasan dan perisian, serta pengujian fungsi di persekitaran makmal. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sistem ini mampu memaparkan bacaan arus, voltan dan kuasa secara masa nyata serta melaksanakan pemutusan bekalan kuasa secara automatik apabila had penggunaan arus dicapai. Secara keseluruhan, sistem yang dibangunkan berpotensi meningkatkan tahap keselamatan elektrik, mengurangkan pembaziran tenaga dan menyokong amalan penggunaan tenaga yang lebih lestari di hostel pekerja.
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Irma Suriyani Abu Bakar
creator: Ali Yusny Daud
creator: Muhammad Hakim Musa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 94
ending page: 103

Development of a Virtual Reality (VR)-Based Interactive Quiz Using the ASSURE Model for Polytechnic Students
type: item
description: Virtual Reality (VR) has received growing attention as an instructional technology in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) because it supports immersive and experiential learning, especially for subjects that require procedural understanding and spatial visualisation. In line with Outcome-Based Education (OBE), assessment in TVET should be aligned with course learning outcomes and able to measure applied and practical skills. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a VR-based interactive quiz for the Measurement Devices subject in a polytechnic using the ASSURE instructional design model. The ASSURE model was applied to ensure alignment between learner characteristics, learning objectives, instructional media, learner participation, and evaluation. Product testing was conducted using design testing criteria to assess safety, system functionality, clarity of understanding, and software suitability. The results showed that the VR-based interactive quiz met the required instructional and technical standards and supported learner engagement and interactive assessment. The study concludes that the use of VR-based interactive quizzes designed through a structured instructional model can improve assessment practices and support the implementation of OBE in TVET education.
subject: Teaching and Learning
  topic: section
creator: Zainatul Azira Ismail
creator: Siti Hawa Yaacob
creator: Habsah Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 104
ending page: 114

A Review of Integrative Approaches for Sustainable Biogas: Optimizing Production, Purification, and Environmental Mitigation
type: item
description: This review paper comprehensively examines integrative approaches to optimizing sustainable biogas production, purification, and utilization, highlighting their roles in renewable energy transition and environmental impact mitigation. It systematically analyzes substrate selection and pretreatment methods, advances in anaerobic digestion technologies, and microbial management strategies to improve biogas yield and stability. Purification and upgrading processes including contaminant removal techniques and emerging electrochemical and catalytic methods are evaluated for their efficiency and techno-economic viability. The utilization of biogas in energy generation, fuel applications, and rural contexts is explored alongside the environmental implications, emphasizing nutrient recovery, digestate management, and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Further, policy frameworks, market adoption challenges, and innovative trends such as bio electrochemical systems and IoT integration are discussed. This integrative review highlights progress and persisting challenges in enhancing biogas systems' sustainability, underscoring future research directions to foster broader adoption and technological advancement in the global energy landscape.
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Muffili Mahadi
creator: Mohd Zahri Jaafar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 83
ending page: 93

Assessment of River Water Quality Using Physicochemical Parameters andWater Quality Index (WQI): A Case Study of Sungai Besar, Tunjang,Kedah
type: item
description: River water quality assessment is essential for sustaining aquatic ecosystems and supporting sustainable water use, particularly in irrigation rivers influenced by mixed land use activities. This study evaluated the water quality status of Sungai Besar, Tunjang through the Terusan Utara in Jitra, Kedah, using physicochemical parameters and the Malaysian Water Quality Index framework. Water samples were collected from three sampling stations over a three-month period from June to August using the grab sampling method. Parameters analysed included pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen and total suspended solids. Measured values were compared with the National Water Quality Standards of Malaysia and integrated into Water Quality Index calculations. The results showed clear variation in water quality along the river. Stations 1 and 3 exhibited good water quality, with most parameters classified within Class I and Class II and Water Quality Index values ranging from 88.81 to 96.47. In contrast, Station 2 showed significant degradation, with biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand values reaching 77.5 mg/L and 295 mg/L, respectively, resulting in polluted to slightly polluted Water Quality Index classifications ranging from 44.54 to 71.57. Elevated ammoniacal nitrogen and episodic increases in suspended solids further indicated substantial organic and chemical pollution. Overall, this study provides updated baseline data for irrigation rivers in northern Kedah and supports site-specific river management and sustainable agricultural water use.
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Muhammad Aidil Hakimi Mohd Rizauddin
creator: Zamry Ahmad Mokhtar
creator: Muhammad Haneef Azman
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 135
ending page: 146

Pendekatan Pelaksanaan Inisiatif Program Bandar Pintar Terhadap Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Di Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah (POLIMAS)
type: item
description: Kajian ini memfokuskan kepada pendekatan pelaksanaan inisiatif Program Bandar Pintar terhadap institusi pendidikan tinggi dengan menjadikan Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah (POLIMAS) sebagai kajian kes untuk pembangunan aplikasi kampus, EduMas. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti indikator bandar pintar yang bersesuaian bagi pembangunan kampus pintar, menilai tahap capaian maklumat fasiliti dalam kalangan warga kampus serta menghasilkan cadangan penambahbaikan berasaskan prinsip bandar pintar. Kajian menggunakan kaedah kuantitatif melalui borang soal selidik dalam talian yang diedarkan kepada pelajar dan staf POLIMAS bagi mendapatkan maklum balas mengenai pengalaman semasa, tahap capaian maklumat fasiliti, keberkesanan sistem aduan serta keperluan terhadap aplikasi pintar kampus. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa beberapa elemen bandar pintar seperti wi-fi kampus, CCTV dan kemudahan e-pembayaran telah dilaksanakan namun masih berada pada tahap sederhana khususnya dari aspek integrasi maklumat, kejelasan paparan fasiliti, capaian data, keselamatan kampus dan ketiadaan sistem aduan bersepadu. Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan keperluan mendesak untuk mewujudkan platform digital yang lebih sistematik, responsif dan inklusif bagi menyokong operasi kampus, meningkatkan keberkesanan pengurusan fasiliti serta menyokong agenda kampus pintar selaras dengan Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG). Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menyediakan asas penting bagi perancangan dan penambahbaikan pelaksanaan inisiatif bandar pintar di institusi pendidikan tinggi. Kata Kunci: Bandar pintar, Kampus pintar, Aplikasi EduMas, Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi, POLIMAS
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Hessah Murugan
creator: Farah Alya Binti Mohd Fauzi
creator: Nurul Izza Binti Mahadan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 147
ending page: 157

Automatic Shoe Drying Cabinet
type: item
description: The Automatic Shoe Dryer Cabinet project was developed to address the common problem of damp footwear, unpleasant odours, and microbial growth caused by ineffective traditional drying methods. Conventional sun-drying is slow and inconsistent, especially during rainy weather. This project aims to design and evaluate an IoT-based shoe drying system that automatically regulates temperature and humidity to ensure faster, safer, and more efficient drying.The system incorporates an ESP32 microcontroller, DHT11 temperature–humidity sensor, DC fan, and heating lamp. Through real-time monitoring via the Blynk mobile application, users can observe environmental conditions and control the cabinet remotely. Experimental testing was conducted on sports shoes, leather shoes, and slippers. Results demonstrated that the system successfully maintained stable drying temperatures (43–45°C), reduced humidity to below 50%, and shortened drying time by 50–60% compared to natural air drying.In conclusion, the developed prototype achieved all project objectives by providing an effective, energy-efficient, and IoT-enabled shoe drying solution suitable for modern households. The system has strong potential for commercialization as a smart home appliance.
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Aleesa Balqis
creator: Lee Chun Yang
creator: Noor Ashekin Binti Che Amzah @ Hamzah
creator: Amran Erwani Bin Ahmini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 215
ending page: 229

Smart Control Vehicle with Automated Rat Poison Dispensing System
type: item
description: The Smart Control Vehicle with Automated Rat Poison Dispenser System enhances pest control efficiency, safety, and accuracy using IoT and automation technologies. Traditional rodent control methods, such as manual trapping and baiting, are time-consuming, hazardous, and often ineffective in hard-to-reach areas like rooftops and ceilings. This system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller, ESP32-CAM camera, ultrasonic sensor, servo-controlled poison dispenser, and Blynk IoT mobile application to enable intelligent remote monitoring, navigation, and precise poison release, while tracking poison levels to reduce human exposure. Performance evaluations show stable speed both with and without a poison load, and dispensing tests confirm accurate and controlled distribution. The vehicle demonstrates high reliability, responsiveness, and practical applicability in hazardous or inaccessible environments. Overall, this IoT-based solution improves operational efficiency, safety, and environmental sustainability, providing a foundation for future smart pest management systems that leverage automation and real-time monitoring. Keywords: Dispensing System, Rat Poison. Smart Control ,Vehicle, Automated The Smart Control Vehicle with Automated Rat Poison Dispenser System enhances pest control efficiency, safety, and accuracy using IoT and automation technologies. Traditional rodent control methods, such as manual trapping and baiting, are time-consuming, hazardous, and often ineffective in hard-to-reach areas like rooftops and ceilings. This system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller, ESP32-CAM camera, ultrasonic sensor, servo-controlled poison dispenser, and Blynk IoT mobile application to enable intelligent remote monitoring, navigation, and precise poison release, while tracking poison levels to reduce human exposure. Performance evaluations show stable speed both with and without a poison load, and dispensing tests confirm accurate and controlled distribution. The vehicle demonstr…
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Losni Jagthesrao
creator: Kasirao A/L Ganesh
creator: Noorazimah Binti Mat Alias
creator: Izyan Wahida Bitnti Zainuddin Yusof
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 185
ending page: 203

Kesan Pempengaruh Digital Terhadap Hasrat Pembelian Pengguna Di Media Sosial.
type: item
description: Kebangkitan platform media sosial dan peningkatan populariti pempengaruh pemasaran secara signifikannya telah memberi kesan kepada corak perlakuan dan keutamaan pembelian pengguna masakini. Pempengaruh sudah menjadi sebuah pekerjaan selari dengan kemunculan pelbagai tren dan fenomena baru dalam dunia digital. Pekerjaan pempengaruh sering melibatkan sokongan (endorsement) dan ulasan atau promosi produk di media sosial. Kajian ini dilakukan bagi membantu memahami peranan penting pempengaruh digital dalam membentuk tingkah laku pembelian pengguna, meningkatkan kesetiaan jenama, dan mendorong pembelian berulang. Dengan ini, jenama dapat merancang strategi pemasaran yang lebih baik dan berkesan dalam dunia digital yang terus berkembang.
subject: Social Science (Finance, Management, Accounting, Business, Humanities)
  topic: section
creator: Norazlizah Saad
creator: Nor Syahilia binti Aris
creator: Nor Syuhani Bt Shaari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: 115
ending page: 134

Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan Penjana Tenaga Elektrik Mudah Alih Berasaskan Tenaga Mekanikal Spring
type: item
description: Inovasi ini membentangkan pembangunan Flywheel Spring Generator, iaitu suatu sistem penjanaan tenaga alternatif yang direka untuk menghasilkan tenaga elektrik melalui gabungan tenaga mekanikal daripada roda tenaga (flywheel) dan mekanisme spring. Sistem ini beroperasi tanpa kebergantungan kepada sumber tenaga luaran seperti bahan api fosil, cahaya matahari, angin atau air, sekali gus menjadikannya lebih praktikal, bersih dan mesra alam. Dalam sistem ini, flywheel berfungsi menyimpan tenaga kinetik melalui putaran, manakala spring bertindak menyerap serta melepaskan tenaga secara beransur-ansur bagi mengekalkan kestabilan putaran dan memastikan aliran tenaga yang lebih konsisten. Tenaga mekanikal yang terhasil dipindahkan kepada sebuah alternator untuk ditukarkan kepada tenaga elektrik sebelum disimpan di dalam bateri 12V. Kajian ini merangkumi proses reka bentuk, pembangunan prototaip, serta penilaian prestasi bagi menentukan kebolehfungsian dan kecekapan sistem. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa Flywheel Spring Generator berupaya menukar tenaga mekanikal kepada tenaga elektrik dengan keberkesanan yang memuaskan. Secara keseluruhannya, projek ini bukan sahaja berpotensi mengurangkan kebergantungan terhadap tenaga fosil dan impak negatif terhadap alam sekitar, malah menawarkan satu penyelesaian tenaga lestari berskala kecil yang kos efektif dan praktikal untuk kegunaan masyarakat. Kata kunci : Roda Tenaga (Flywheel), Mekanisme Spring, Penyimpanan Tenaga Mekanikal
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Mohd Zaniel Bin Mahadzir
creator: Amri Amierul Bin Abu Hasan
creator: Syaiful Nizam Bin Ab Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 65
ending page: 75

Reka Bentuk Pen 3D untuk Filamen Kitar Semula
type: item
description: Inovasi ini memfokuskan kepada mereka bentuk dan membangunkan sebuah pen 3D yang inovatif dengan menggunakan filamen yang dihasilkan daripada sisa botol plastik. Pen 3D merupakan alat kreatif yang membolehkan pengguna menghasilkan objek tiga dimensi melalui proses pencairan dan penyemperitan filamen plastik. Penggunaannya memberikan kebebasan artistik yang tinggi, membolehkan idea dan imaginasi divisualkan dalam bentuk fizikal secara interaktif. Namun begitu, berbeza daripada pen 3D komersial yang menggunakan filamen konvensional, inovasi ini menekankan aspek kelestarian melalui penghasilan filamen kitar semula sebagai langkah mengurangkan sisa plastik dan menambah nilai ekonomi kepada bahan buangan. Rekaan pen 3D dalam projek ini akan diubah suai bagi memastikan ia sesuai dengan ciri filamen yang dihasilkan terus daripada botol plastik. Bahagian badan pen akan direka bentuk semula dengan mengambil kira aspek ergonomik agar lebih selesa digunakan berbanding model pasaran sedia ada. Proses penghasilan badan pen akan menggunakan teknologi pencetakan 3D yang tersedia di makmal, sekali gus memudahkan proses prototaip dan penambahbaikan. Filamen turut dibangunkan dalam projek ini bagi menyokong keseluruhan sistem, namun tumpuan utama diberikan kepada mekanisme dalaman pen, termasuk komponen pemanasan, penyemperitan, dan pengawalan kelajuan. Hasil penyelidikan menunjukkan bahawa pen ini hanya memerlukan masa sekitar 5 minit untuk mencapai suhu operasi sebelum digunakan. Dengan reka bentuk mesra pengguna, inovasi ini berpotensi menarik minat pelajar, kanak-kanak dan remaja, selain membuka peluang baharu dalam bidang pendidikan, seni dan keusahawanan berasaskan kitar semula. Kata kunci : Pen 3D Kitar Semula, Filamen Botol Plastik, Reka Bentuk Ergonomik
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Mohd Hairol Mizzam Bin Haris
creator: Muhammad Anas Muzammel Bin Muhamad Khairul Azhar
creator: Syaiful Nizam Bin Ab Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 56
ending page: 64

Rekabentuk Plastic Shredder
type: item
description: Inovasi pembangunan mesin penghancur plastik ini memberi tumpuan kepada penghasilan sebuah sistem automatik yang mampu mengurus dan menghancurkan sisa plastik dengan lebih efisien. Mesin ini direka bentuk menggunakan motor elektrik serta komponen elektronik yang disusun secara sistematik bagi memastikan operasi penghancuran berjalan lancar dan selamat. Matlamat utama pembangunan mesin ini ialah menyediakan satu penyelesaian praktikal terhadap isu pengurusan sisa plastik yang semakin meruncing, di samping meningkatkan keberkesanan proses kitar semula di pelbagai peringkat penggunaan. Proses pembinaan mesin melibatkan beberapa fasa penting, termasuk penyediaan reka bentuk awal, pemilihan bahan yang berkualiti tinggi, serta pembinaan prototaip untuk tujuan pengujian. Pemilihan bahan yang tahan lama dan bersesuaian dengan beban mekanikal merupakan faktor utama dalam memastikan prestasi mesin berada pada tahap optimum. Berdasarkan hasil ujian, mesin ini didapati mampu menghancurkan sisa filamen 3D dengan lebih cepat, seragam, dan berkesan berbanding kaedah manual atau tradisional yang memerlukan masa dan tenaga yang lebih tinggi. Namun begitu, kajian ini turut mengenal pasti beberapa kekangan seperti kos pembuatan, masa pembangunan, serta keperluan penyelenggaraan berkala. Secara keseluruhannya, pembangunan mesin penghancur plastik ini diyakini dapat memberikan manfaat signifikan kepada pengguna, mempertingkat produktiviti, serta menyumbang kepada pengurusan sisa plastik yang lebih sistematik dan mesra alam. Kata kunci : Mesin Penghancur Plastik, Kitar Semula, Reka Bentuk, Pengurusan Sisa Plastik
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Mohd Nubli Bin Ahmat
creator: Amr Yusuf Bin Shahrin
creator: Syaiful Nizam Bin Ab Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 47
ending page: 55

Penghasilan Eco Brick Bagi Kegunaan Landskap
type: item
description: Inovasi ini mengkaji potensi penggunaan plastik jenis High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) dan Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) sebagai bahan pengganti pasir dalam pembuatan batu bata pasir. Dalam kajian ini, campuran HDPE dan PET dileburkan serta dituangkan ke dalam acuan bersaiz 300 mm × 80 mm × 150 mm bagi menghasilkan sampel ecobrick. Semua sampel kemudiannya melalui proses rendaman selama sekurang-kurangnya 30 hari sebagai tempoh pengawetan standard. Tiga komposisi bahan diuji, iaitu 5% HDPE + 95% PET kitar semula, 3% HDPE + 97% PET kitar semula, serta 100% PET kitar semula sebagai sampel kawalan. Beberapa siri ujian dijalankan, termasuk ujian penyerapan air, ujian kekuatan mampatan dan ujian Melt Flow Index (MFI) bagi menilai ciri ketahanan serta kebolehprosesan bahan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa campuran 5% HDPE + 95% PET kitar semula memberikan kekuatan mampatan tertinggi berbanding sampel kawalan, dengan kekuatan purata 1.29 Pa berbanding 1.11 Pa bagi ecobrick 100% PET. Dari segi ketumpatan, komposisi ini turut mencapai nilai optimum iaitu purata 102.2 gram, menjadikannya paling sesuai untuk aplikasi struktur ringan. Ujian MFI turut membuktikan bahawa campuran tersebut mempunyai kadar aliran lebur terbaik, menandakan bahan lebih mudah dibentuk ketika pemprosesan haba. Secara keseluruhan, dapatan menunjukkan bahawa ecobrick berasaskan 5% HDPE + 95% PET kitar semula berpotensi menggantikan batu bata pasir konvensional, khususnya dalam aplikasi hiasan landskap dan struktur bukan beban. Kata kunci : Ecobrick, Plastik kitar semula (HDPE dan PET), Kekuatan mampatan, MFI
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Azimah Binti Ismail
creator: Siti Nurul A’in Fatimah Binti Mohd Zammri
creator: Syaiful Nizam Bin Ab Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 37
ending page: 46

Pet Filament Machine
type: item
description: Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada pembangunan Mesin Filamen PET, iaitu sebuah peranti yang direka bagi menghasilkan filamen pencetakan 3D menggunakan botol polyethylene terephthalate (PET) terpakai sebagai bahan mentah utama. Inisiatif ini selari dengan usaha meningkatkan kelestarian melalui pengurangan sisa plastik, khususnya botol sekali guna yang menjadi antara penyumbang terbesar pencemaran alam sekitar. Mesin yang dibangunkan berfungsi menukar botol PET terpakai kepada jaluran filamen yang mempunyai dimensi stabil serta memenuhi keperluan proses pencetakan 3D. Inovasi ini menilai beberapa aspek utama termasuk keberkesanan proses pengekstrudan, kuantiti filamen yang berjaya dihasilkan, serta sifat mekanikal filamen akhir seperti kekuatan tegangan, keanjalan dan ketahanan struktur. Ujian prestasi dilakukan bagi membandingkan filamen PET kitar semula ini dengan filamen komersial yang lazim digunakan dalam industri pencetakan 3D. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa filamen berasaskan botol PET terpakai mampu memberikan prestasi yang kompetitif, khususnya dari segi kekuatan mekanikal dan kestabilan semasa proses pencetakan. Penemuan ini membuktikan potensi besar penggunaan semula bahan terbuang dalam menghasilkan produk bernilai tambah tinggi. Selain menyokong amalan ekonomi kitaran, pembangunan mesin ini dapat membantu mengurangkan kos bahan mentah bagi pengguna pencetak 3D sambil memberikan penyelesaian inovatif terhadap pengurusan sisa plastik. Kajian ini sekali gus membuka ruang kepada penyelidikan lanjutan berkaitan pengoptimuman reka bentuk mesin serta peningkatan mutu filamen yang dihasilkan. Kata kunci : Filamen PET kitar semula, Pencetakan 3D, Kelestarian plastik, Pengekstrudan
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Riduwan Bin Zakaria
creator: Nur Hafizah Bt Mohd Nayan
creator: Syaiful Nizam Bin Ab Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 27
ending page: 36

Pembangunan Acuan Suntikan Secara Manual
type: item
description: Pengacuan suntikan manual merupakan proses kritikal dalam pengeluaran produk plastik, khususnya polietilena ketumpatan tinggi (HDPE), yang menekankan kualiti dan pengurangan kecacatan. Kajian ini menumpukan kepada pengoptimuman proses pengacuan manual melalui pengawalan parameter kritikal seperti suhu tong, suhu muncung, dan masa penyejukan bagi mengurangkan isu kelengkungan, flash, dan pengisian tidak lengkap. Kaedah Taguchi digunakan untuk menganalisis secara sistematik kesan setiap parameter terhadap kualiti produk. Reka bentuk eksperimen yang terancang membolehkan setiap kombinasi parameter diuji bagi menilai konsistensi, kebolehulangan, dan kadar kecacatan produk. Data dikumpul melalui pengukuran dimensi, pengesanan kecacatan visual, serta analisis statistik bagi mengenal pasti tetapan optimum. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa tetapan optimum meningkatkan konsistensi dimensi, mengurangkan kecacatan, dan menjimatkan bahan. Produk yang dihasilkan menunjukkan kualiti lebih tinggi dengan kepuasan pelanggan meningkat. Kajian ini menekankan kepentingan pengurusan parameter dan pendekatan saintifik dalam pengoptimuman proses manual, seterusnya menyokong keberkesanan operasi pengeluaran. Dapatan kajian menyediakan panduan praktikal kepada pengendali dan pengeluar dalam industri plastik tempatan dan membuka potensi pengembangan sistem pengacuan suntikan yang lebih automatik dan lestari pada masa hadapan. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini membuktikan bahawa pengoptimuman proses manual meningkatkan kualiti, kebolehpercayaan, kecekapan, dan penjimatan kos dalam pengeluaran produk HDPE. Kata kunci : Pengacuan Suntikan Manual, Pengoptimuman Parameter, Kaedah Taguchi, HDPE
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Syed Jamil Rusydi Bin Syed Baharom
creator: Sharvina A/P Irulandy
creator: Syaiful Nizam Bin Ab Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 18
ending page: 26

Alat Bantu Mengajar Bagi Kursus DJC40042 Plastic Production Process
type: item
description: Dalam era pendidikan berasaskan teknologi dan kemahiran, penggunaan Alat Bantu Mengajar (ABM) memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan keberkesanan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP), khususnya dalam kursus teknikal. Kursus DJC40042 – Plastic Production Process memerlukan penguasaan teori yang kukuh serta pemahaman terhadap aplikasi praktikal berkaitan proses pemesinan, termasuk transfer moulding dan proses pengeluaran plastik yang lain. Kajian ini bertujuan mereka bentuk dan membangunkan sebuah ABM yang dapat membantu pelajar memahami konsep utama dalam pengeluaran plastik, dengan memberi tumpuan kepada penghasilan model transfer moulding menggunakan teknologi pencetakan 3D. Pendekatan Design and Development Research (DDR) digunakan, melibatkan tiga fasa utama iaitu analisis keperluan, reka bentuk ABM, dan penilaian keberkesanan awal. Data dikumpulkan melalui soal selidik yang melibatkan pensyarah dan pelajar bagi mengenal pasti cabaran dalam memahami topik proses pengeluaran plastik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, prototaip ABM berbentuk model fizikal 3D dan simulasi digital dibangunkan menggunakan bahan filamen ABS melalui pencetak 3D dan perisian Autodesk Inventor Professional 2024. Penilaian awal yang dijalankan dalam sesi PdP sebenar menunjukkan bahawa ABM ini berupaya meningkatkan kefahaman pelajar, memudahkan visualisasi proses kompleks, dan menggalakkan interaksi aktif. Kata kunci : Proses Pengeluaran Plastik, Pencetakan 3D, Transfer Moulding
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Mohd Alfathi Bin Md Udin
creator: Orathai A/P Eiak
creator: Syaiful Nizam Bin Ab Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 10
ending page: 17

Mesin Thermoforming Mini untuk Pembelajaran Sekolah Menengah
type: item
description: Projek ini dibangunkan dengan tujuan untuk mereka bentuk dan membina sebuah mesin thermoforming berskala kecil yang sesuai digunakan sebagai alat bantu pembelajaran di peringkat sekolah menengah. Pembangunan mesin ini memberi penekanan kepada aspek keselamatan, kemudahan operasi, serta keberkesanan dalam membantu pelajar memahami konsep asas proses thermoforming secara praktikal. Kaedah thermoforming yang diaplikasikan melibatkan proses pemanasan lembaran plastik sehingga mencapai keadaan lembut sebelum dibentuk menggunakan tekanan vakum. Reka bentuk mesin ini merangkumi beberapa komponen utama seperti elemen pemanas, bingkai pengapit, sistem vakum manual, dan acuan yang berfungsi sebagai medium pembentukan. Pemilihan komponen dilakukan dengan teliti untuk memastikan tahap keselamatan yang tinggi, selaras dengan keperluan penggunaan dalam persekitaran pendidikan. Selain itu, aspek ergonomik turut diberi perhatian agar mesin mudah dikendalikan oleh pelajar dan guru tanpa memerlukan kemahiran teknikal yang tinggi. Kajian kos juga dilaksanakan bagi memastikan mesin ini boleh dihasilkan pada harga yang berpatutan serta mampu dijadikan alat bantu mengajar yang praktikal dan berkesan. Hasil ujian menunjukkan bahawa mesin thermoforming yang dibangunkan berfungsi dengan baik dan berupaya menghasilkan bentuk plastik yang jelas serta konsisten mengikut acuan yang digunakan. Keberkesanan ini membuktikan potensi mesin tersebut sebagai medium pembelajaran interaktif yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman pelajar terhadap prinsip asas kejuruteraan pembuatan. Secara keseluruhannya, projek ini diyakini mampu memberikan nilai tambah dalam proses pembelajaran dengan memperkenalkan pengalaman hands-on yang lebih menarik, sistematik dan bermakna. Kata kunci : Thermoforming Pendidikan, Mesin Vakum Berskala Kecil, Alat Bantu Pengajaran Teknikal, Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan Mesin
subject: Engineering (Civil, Electrical,Mechanical)
  topic: section
creator: Jefri Bin Hanafiah
creator: Muhammad Nurhelmi Bin Hayazi
creator: Syaiful Nizam Bin Ab Rahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

Understanding the Learning Drivers of First-Year Accounting Students at POLIMAS
type: item
description: This case study investigates the motivation, academic preparedness, and learning expectations of first-year Diploma in Accounting students at Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah (POLIMAS). As accounting education continues to evolve in response to technological, pedagogical, and workforce demands, understanding students’ initial dispositions is crucial for improving programme design and student success. A survey covering 60 items across six categories (Motives; Influence; Reasons for choosing DAT; Preparedness; Expectations; Confidence) was administered with responses using a 5-point Likert scale. The study examines intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors, students’ readiness in terms of foundational knowledge and soft skills, and their expectations regarding teaching methods, course relevance, and academic support. Findings show that students are strongly motivated by personal development and future career opportunities, believe in their accounting abilities, expect substantial skill and personal growth from their diploma, and exhibit moderate preparedness for tertiary study. However, lower readiness appears in self-evaluation and written assignment confidence, and confidence in achieving top-tier academic performance is modest. Students also express strong expectations for interactive teaching, clear assessment guidelines, and practical industry-aligned learning experiences. Based on these results and recent literature, recommendations include early-semester academic support interventions, structured study skills modules, and mechanisms to boost student self-efficacy and self-regulated learning. The study highlights the importance of early academic interventions, structured orientation programmes, and pedagogical strategies that cultivate engagement and confidence among first-year accounting learners at POLIMAS.
subject: Teaching and Learning
  topic: section
creator: Nurul Huda Binti Yahya
creator: Razlina Romli
creator: Aida Yusnizan Binti Mohd Yusof
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-12-10
publication date: 2025-12-10
starting page: 76
ending page: 87

Empirical Study on The Relationship Between Relationship Marketing Orientation and Customer Retention in Travel Agency Services
type: item
description: This study investigates the relationship between relationship marketing orientation (RMO) and customer retention. A cross-sectional research design with a sample size of 125 respondents has been utilized in this study. The survey questionnaire has been distributed among the experienced customers of the travel agency. The finding from the SmartPLS path model analysis reveals that the RMO is significantly related to customer retention. Moreover, this study also provides a discussion, implications, future research, and a conclusion. Keywords: Relationship marketing orientation; Customer retention; Consumer behaviour
subject: Social Science (Finance, Management, Accounting, Business, Humanities)
  topic: section
creator: Suraya Akmar Binti Mokhtaruddin
creator: Che Aniza Binti Che Wel
creator: Syed Shah Alam3
creator: Nor Rahimy Binti Khalid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal on Technical and Vocational Education
date: 2025-10-22
publication date: 2025-10-22
starting page: 69
ending page: 81