A Review of Integrative Approaches for Sustainable Biogas: Optimizing Production, Purification, and Environmental Mitigation

Abstract

This review paper comprehensively examines integrative approaches to optimizing sustainable biogas production, purification, and utilization, highlighting their roles in renewable energy transition and environmental impact mitigation. It systematically analyzes substrate selection and pretreatment methods, advances in anaerobic digestion technologies, and microbial management strategies to improve biogas yield and stability. Purification and upgrading processes including contaminant removal techniques and emerging electrochemical and catalytic methods are evaluated for their efficiency and techno-economic viability. The utilization of biogas in energy generation, fuel applications, and rural contexts is explored alongside the environmental implications, emphasizing nutrient recovery, digestate management, and greenhouse gas emission reduction. Further, policy frameworks, market adoption challenges, and innovative trends such as bio electrochemical systems and IoT integration are discussed. This integrative review highlights progress and persisting challenges in enhancing biogas systems' sustainability, underscoring future research directions to foster broader adoption and technological advancement in the global energy landscape.