THE INFLUENCE OF INBOUND MUSLIM TRAVELLERS’ ATTITUDE ON TRAVEL SATISFACTION TOWARDS REVISIT INTENTION TO MALAYSIA
Abstract
Muslim travellers segment is gaining attention among the destination marketers as a target market. Thus, ensuring their repeat visitation is among the top priorities of the marketers. However, the factors that make them return to a particular destination are still unclear as studies on Muslim travellers segment are still limited. Nevertheless, previous studies have shown that the availability of Islamic attributes of destination as well as certain destination attributes exert significant influence on travel satisfaction and destination loyalty. Although few studies have shown that availability of Islamic attributes of destination and destination attributes lead to tourist satisfaction as well as inspire multiple return visits, more studies are needed to strengthen the finding. Therefore, this article proposed a study on the influence of Muslim travellers’ attitude towards Islamic attribute of destination and attitude towards destination attributes on their travel satisfaction and repeat visit to Malaysia. The discussion started with the overview of inbound Muslim travellers followed by the importance of revisit to the tourism industry with highlight given to the Islamic attributes of destination, destination attributes and travel satisfaction as the main antecedents of the Muslim travellers’ revisit intention. The future finding of the proposed study will provide valuable information for Malaysian tourism marketing and planning organisations. Thus, effective marketing strategies can be developed to encourage repeat visit from Muslim travellers segment.References
Abdul Rahman, S. (2013). Global Islamic Tourism : Current Trends and Potentials to Travel in Al-Quran.
Ahmad Puad, M. S., Seyedeh, F. M. S., Azizan, M., & Jamil, J. (2011). A Critical Analysis of Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty. Jounal of Global Management, 2(2), 178–186.
Alegre, J., & Cladera, M. (2013). Analysing the Effect of Satisfaction and Previous Visits on Tourist Intentions to Return. European Journal of Marketing, 43(5), 670–685.
Ali, S., & Mohd Safar, H. (2012). Factors and Competitiveness of Malaysia as a Tourist Destination: A Study of Outbound Middle East Tourists. Asian Social Science, 8(12), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n12p48
Arasl, H., & Baradarani, S. (2014). European Tourist Perspective on Destination Satisfaction in Jordan’s Industries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 1416–1425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.645
Battour, M., Battor, M., & Bhatti, M. A. (2013). Islamic Attributes of Destination : Construct Development and Measurement Validation , and Their Impact on Tourist Satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr
Battour, M., Ismail, M. N., & Battor, M. (2011). The Impact of Destination Attributes on Muslim Tourist ’ s Choice. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13, 527–540.
Battour, M. M., Battor, M. M., & Ismail, M. (2012). The Mediating Role of Tourist Satisfaction: A Study of Muslim Tourists in Malaysia. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(3), 279–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.666174
Bhuiyan, A. H., Siwar, C., Ismail, S. M., & Islam, R. (2011). Potentials of Islamic Tourism : A Case Study of Malaysia on East Coast Economic Region. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(6), 1333–1340.
Bosque, I. R., & Martin, H. S. (2008). Touurist Satisfaction A Cognitive-Affective Model. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 551–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.02.006
Bouzari, M. (2012). Preliminary Study On Destination Attributes Of Northern Cyprus : Iranian Travellers ’ Perspective.
Campo-Martinez, S., Garau-vadell, J. B., & Martı, P. (2010). Factors Influencing Repeat Visits to a Destination : The Influence of Group Composition. Tourism Management, 31, 862–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.013
Chang, L. L. (2013). Influencing Factors on Creative Tourists’ Revisiting Intentions: The Roles of Motivation, Experience and Perceived Value.
Chen, C. F., & Chen, F. S. (2010). Experience Quality, Perceived Value, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions for Heritage Tourists. Tourism Management, 31(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008
Chen, C. M., Lee, H. T., Chen, S. H., & Huang, T. H. (2011). Tourist Behavioural Intentions in Relation to Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Kinmen National Park, Taiwan. International Journal of Tourism Research, 432(1), 416–432.
Chen, J. S., & Gursoy, D. (2012). An Investigation of Tourists’ Destination Loyalty and Preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(2), 79–85.
Darnell, A. C., & Johnson, P. S. (2001). Repeat visits to attractions : a preliminary economic analysis. Tourism Management, 22, 23–26.
Eid, R. (2013). Integrating Muslim Customer Perceived Value , Satisfaction , Loyalty and Retention in the Tourism Industry : An empirical study. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr
Farahdel, F. (2011). Islamic Attributes and Its Impact on Muslim Tourists’ Satisfaction: A Study of Iran.
Fatemeh, S., Shirazi, M., Puad, A., Som, M., & Marzuki, A. (2012). Repeat Visitation and Diversification of Tourism Attractions. In Proceedings of Regional Conference on Tourism Research (pp. 306–313).
Gayatri, G., & Chew, J. (2013). How do Muslim Consumers Perceive Service Quality? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 25(3), 472–490. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-06-2012-0061
Gursoy, D., Chen, J. S., & Chi, C. G. (2014). Theoretical Examination of Destination Loyalty Formation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(5), 809–827.
Hong, S. K., Lee, S. W., Lee, S., & Jang, H. (2009). Selecting Revisited Destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(2), 268–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.01.001
Huang, S. S. (2006). The Effects of Motivation, Past Experience, Perceived Constraint and Attitude on Tourist Revisit Intention.
Huang, Y. C. (2009). Examining the Atecedents Of Behavioral Intentions in a Tourism Context.
Jang, S., & Feng, R. (2007). Temporal Destination Revisit Intention: The Effects of Novelty Seeking and Satisfaction. Tourism Management, 28(2), 580–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.024
Karim, M. S. A., & Chua, B. L. (2009). Malaysia as a Culinary Tourism Destination: International Tourist’ Perspective. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 63–78.
Khalek, A. A., Hayaati, S., & Ismail, S. (2015). Why Are We Eating Halal – Using the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Halal Food Consumption among Generation Y in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(7), 608–612. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2015.V5.526
Khan, A. H., Haque, A., & Rahman, M. S. (2013). What Makes Tourists Satisfied? An Empirical Study on Malaysian Islamic Tourist Destination. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 14(12), 1631–1637. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.14.12.2250
Kim, H., & Lee, S. (2015). Impacts of City Personality and Image on Revisit Intention. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(1), 50–69. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-08-2014-0004
Kim, S., Im, H. H., & King, B. E. (2014). Muslim Travelers in Asia: The Destination Preferences and Brand Perceptions of Malaysian Tourists. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766714549648
Kovjanic, G. (2014). Islamic Tourism as a Factor of the Middle East Regional Development. Turizam, 18(1), 33–43.
Kozak, M. (2001). Repeaters’ Behavior at Two Distinct Destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 784–807.
Lee, T. H. (2009). A Structural Model to Examine How Destination Image, Attitude, and Motivation Affect the Future Behavior of Tourists. Leisure Sciences, 31(3), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400902837787
Li, M., Cai, L. a., Lehto, X. Y., & Huang, J. (Zhuowei). (2010). A Missing Link in Understanding Revisit Intention—The Role of Motivation and Image. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27(4), 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2010.481559
Ling, L. Q., Muhd Shahrim, A. K., & Mohhidin, O. (2010). Relationships Between Malaysian Food Image, Tourist Satisfaction and Behavioural Intention. World Applided Science Journal, 10, 164–171.
Mahadzirah, M., Ahmad Rusdi, A., Abdul Manan, A., & Nur Izzati, A. G. (2012). Tourists’ Perception of Malaysia as a Travel Destination and Their Satisfaction. In 3rd International Conference on Business and Economic Research ( 3rd ICBER 2012 ) Proceeding (pp. 2391–2401).
Maisarah, A., Suhaila, A. K., & Nurul Azida, S. (2013). Perceptions and Behavior’s of Muslims and Non-Muslims towards Halal Products. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4, 249–257.
Mastercard, & CrescentRating. (2015). MasterCard-CrescentRating Global Muslim Travel Index 2015.
Mohamad, M., Abdullah, A. R., Ali, A. M., & Yacob, R. (2013). Modelling the Relationships of Service Recovery Satisfaction, Destination Image and Post-Trip Behaviour Intention. International Business Research, 6(8), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v6n8p113
Mohammad, B. A. M. A. H. (2014). Examining Tourist ’ s Satisfaction , Loyalty and Intention to Revisit. Research Academy of Social Sciences, 2(6), 260–273.
Moliner, M. a, Sánchez, J., Rodríguez, R. M., & Callarisa, L. (2007). Relationship Quality with a Travel Agency: The influence of the Postpurchase Perceived Value of a Tourism Package. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3–4), 194–211. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.thr.6050052
Munir, S., Khatijah, O., & Azizul Yadi, Y. (2013). Tourist Satisfaction in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(5), 221–226.
Neal, J. D., Sirgy, M. J., & Uysal, M. (1999). The Role of Satisfaction with Leisure Travel/ Tourism Services and Experience in Satisfaction with Leisure Life and Overall Life. Jounal of Business Research, 44, 153–163.
Noor Hazarina, H., Jamie, M., & Nazlida, M. H. (2007). Islam and Online Imagery on Malaysian Tourist Destination Websites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(3), 1082–1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00364.x
Nor’ain, O., Rozian, M. T., & Shaya’a, O. (2013). Maqasid Al Shariah in the Governance and Management Strategy of Islamic Tourism Businesss, 1–16.
Norlida Hanim, M. S., Redzuan, O., Abu Hassan Shaari, M. N., & Mohd Safar, H. (2010). Malaysian Tourism Demand from the Middle East Market: A Preliminary Analysis. International Journal of West Asian, 2(1), 37–52.
Puad, A., Som, M., Marzuki, A., Yousefi, M., & Abukhalifeh, N. (2012). Factors Influencing Visitors’ Revisit Behavioral Intentions: A Case Study of Sabah , Malaysia. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(4), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v4n4p39
Rafi-uddin, S. (2012). Global Muslim Lifestyle Travel Market 2012: Landscape & Consumer Needs Study For Airlines, Destinations & Hotels/Resorts. Dinar Standard & Crescent Rating, (july), 1–17.
Rahman, M. K. (2014). Motivating factors of Islamic Tourist’s Destination Loyalty : An Empirical Investigation in Malaysia. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2(1), 63–77.
Rittichainuwat, B. N., Qu, H., & Leong, J. K. (2003). The Colective Impacts of a Bundle of Travel Determinants. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 27(2), 217–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348003251433
Rizan, M. (2010). Analysis of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction, and Its Influence on Customer Loyalty. In Oxford Business & Economics Conference Program (pp. 1–28). United Kingdom: Oxford University.
Samori, Z., & Rahman, F. A. (2013). Towards the Formation of Shariah Compliant Hotel in Malaysia: An Exploratory Study on Its Opportunities. In The 2013 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings (pp. 108–124).
Sara, S., Shamsul, G., Ling, K. C., & Hooi, K. (2012). Exploring the Antecedents of Tourist Revisit Intention : A Case Study of the Sarawak Rainforest InterHash 2010 Event. In Proceedings of Regional Conference on Tourism Research (pp. 295–305).
Shumin, F., Abdullah, C., & Alam, S. (2009). What Really Matters When Choosing a Hotel? The Case of Middle East Tourists In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 53–62.
Um, S., Chon, K., & Ro, Y. (2006). Antecedents of revisit intention. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 1141–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.06.003
Wilson, J. a. J., Belk, R. W., Bamossy, G. J., Sandikci, Ö., Kartajaya, H., Sobh, R., … Scott, L. (2013). Crescent Marketing, Muslim Geographies and Brand Islam: Reflections from the JIMA Senior Advisory Board. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 4(1), 22–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831311306336
Wong, I. A., King, Y., & Wan, P. (2015). A Systematic Approach to Scale Development in Tourist Shopping Satisfaction: Linking Destination Attributes and Shopping Experience. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512457263
Yuksel, A. (2000). Managing Customer Satisfaction and Retention : A Case of Tourist Destinations, Turkey, 7(2), 153–168.
Ahmad Puad, M. S., Seyedeh, F. M. S., Azizan, M., & Jamil, J. (2011). A Critical Analysis of Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty. Jounal of Global Management, 2(2), 178–186.
Alegre, J., & Cladera, M. (2013). Analysing the Effect of Satisfaction and Previous Visits on Tourist Intentions to Return. European Journal of Marketing, 43(5), 670–685.
Ali, S., & Mohd Safar, H. (2012). Factors and Competitiveness of Malaysia as a Tourist Destination: A Study of Outbound Middle East Tourists. Asian Social Science, 8(12), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n12p48
Arasl, H., & Baradarani, S. (2014). European Tourist Perspective on Destination Satisfaction in Jordan’s Industries. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 1416–1425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.645
Battour, M., Battor, M., & Bhatti, M. A. (2013). Islamic Attributes of Destination : Construct Development and Measurement Validation , and Their Impact on Tourist Satisfaction. International Journal of Tourism Research. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr
Battour, M., Ismail, M. N., & Battor, M. (2011). The Impact of Destination Attributes on Muslim Tourist ’ s Choice. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13, 527–540.
Battour, M. M., Battor, M. M., & Ismail, M. (2012). The Mediating Role of Tourist Satisfaction: A Study of Muslim Tourists in Malaysia. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 29(3), 279–297. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2012.666174
Bhuiyan, A. H., Siwar, C., Ismail, S. M., & Islam, R. (2011). Potentials of Islamic Tourism : A Case Study of Malaysia on East Coast Economic Region. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(6), 1333–1340.
Bosque, I. R., & Martin, H. S. (2008). Touurist Satisfaction A Cognitive-Affective Model. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 551–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2008.02.006
Bouzari, M. (2012). Preliminary Study On Destination Attributes Of Northern Cyprus : Iranian Travellers ’ Perspective.
Campo-Martinez, S., Garau-vadell, J. B., & Martı, P. (2010). Factors Influencing Repeat Visits to a Destination : The Influence of Group Composition. Tourism Management, 31, 862–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.013
Chang, L. L. (2013). Influencing Factors on Creative Tourists’ Revisiting Intentions: The Roles of Motivation, Experience and Perceived Value.
Chen, C. F., & Chen, F. S. (2010). Experience Quality, Perceived Value, Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions for Heritage Tourists. Tourism Management, 31(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.02.008
Chen, C. M., Lee, H. T., Chen, S. H., & Huang, T. H. (2011). Tourist Behavioural Intentions in Relation to Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Kinmen National Park, Taiwan. International Journal of Tourism Research, 432(1), 416–432.
Chen, J. S., & Gursoy, D. (2012). An Investigation of Tourists’ Destination Loyalty and Preferences. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 13(2), 79–85.
Darnell, A. C., & Johnson, P. S. (2001). Repeat visits to attractions : a preliminary economic analysis. Tourism Management, 22, 23–26.
Eid, R. (2013). Integrating Muslim Customer Perceived Value , Satisfaction , Loyalty and Retention in the Tourism Industry : An empirical study. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr
Farahdel, F. (2011). Islamic Attributes and Its Impact on Muslim Tourists’ Satisfaction: A Study of Iran.
Fatemeh, S., Shirazi, M., Puad, A., Som, M., & Marzuki, A. (2012). Repeat Visitation and Diversification of Tourism Attractions. In Proceedings of Regional Conference on Tourism Research (pp. 306–313).
Gayatri, G., & Chew, J. (2013). How do Muslim Consumers Perceive Service Quality? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 25(3), 472–490. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-06-2012-0061
Gursoy, D., Chen, J. S., & Chi, C. G. (2014). Theoretical Examination of Destination Loyalty Formation. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(5), 809–827.
Hong, S. K., Lee, S. W., Lee, S., & Jang, H. (2009). Selecting Revisited Destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(2), 268–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.01.001
Huang, S. S. (2006). The Effects of Motivation, Past Experience, Perceived Constraint and Attitude on Tourist Revisit Intention.
Huang, Y. C. (2009). Examining the Atecedents Of Behavioral Intentions in a Tourism Context.
Jang, S., & Feng, R. (2007). Temporal Destination Revisit Intention: The Effects of Novelty Seeking and Satisfaction. Tourism Management, 28(2), 580–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.04.024
Karim, M. S. A., & Chua, B. L. (2009). Malaysia as a Culinary Tourism Destination: International Tourist’ Perspective. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 63–78.
Khalek, A. A., Hayaati, S., & Ismail, S. (2015). Why Are We Eating Halal – Using the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Halal Food Consumption among Generation Y in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(7), 608–612. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2015.V5.526
Khan, A. H., Haque, A., & Rahman, M. S. (2013). What Makes Tourists Satisfied? An Empirical Study on Malaysian Islamic Tourist Destination. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 14(12), 1631–1637. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.14.12.2250
Kim, H., & Lee, S. (2015). Impacts of City Personality and Image on Revisit Intention. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(1), 50–69. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-08-2014-0004
Kim, S., Im, H. H., & King, B. E. (2014). Muslim Travelers in Asia: The Destination Preferences and Brand Perceptions of Malaysian Tourists. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766714549648
Kovjanic, G. (2014). Islamic Tourism as a Factor of the Middle East Regional Development. Turizam, 18(1), 33–43.
Kozak, M. (2001). Repeaters’ Behavior at Two Distinct Destinations. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(3), 784–807.
Lee, T. H. (2009). A Structural Model to Examine How Destination Image, Attitude, and Motivation Affect the Future Behavior of Tourists. Leisure Sciences, 31(3), 215–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400902837787
Li, M., Cai, L. a., Lehto, X. Y., & Huang, J. (Zhuowei). (2010). A Missing Link in Understanding Revisit Intention—The Role of Motivation and Image. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 27(4), 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2010.481559
Ling, L. Q., Muhd Shahrim, A. K., & Mohhidin, O. (2010). Relationships Between Malaysian Food Image, Tourist Satisfaction and Behavioural Intention. World Applided Science Journal, 10, 164–171.
Mahadzirah, M., Ahmad Rusdi, A., Abdul Manan, A., & Nur Izzati, A. G. (2012). Tourists’ Perception of Malaysia as a Travel Destination and Their Satisfaction. In 3rd International Conference on Business and Economic Research ( 3rd ICBER 2012 ) Proceeding (pp. 2391–2401).
Maisarah, A., Suhaila, A. K., & Nurul Azida, S. (2013). Perceptions and Behavior’s of Muslims and Non-Muslims towards Halal Products. Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 4, 249–257.
Mastercard, & CrescentRating. (2015). MasterCard-CrescentRating Global Muslim Travel Index 2015.
Mohamad, M., Abdullah, A. R., Ali, A. M., & Yacob, R. (2013). Modelling the Relationships of Service Recovery Satisfaction, Destination Image and Post-Trip Behaviour Intention. International Business Research, 6(8), 113–120. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v6n8p113
Mohammad, B. A. M. A. H. (2014). Examining Tourist ’ s Satisfaction , Loyalty and Intention to Revisit. Research Academy of Social Sciences, 2(6), 260–273.
Moliner, M. a, Sánchez, J., Rodríguez, R. M., & Callarisa, L. (2007). Relationship Quality with a Travel Agency: The influence of the Postpurchase Perceived Value of a Tourism Package. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 7(3–4), 194–211. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.thr.6050052
Munir, S., Khatijah, O., & Azizul Yadi, Y. (2013). Tourist Satisfaction in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(5), 221–226.
Neal, J. D., Sirgy, M. J., & Uysal, M. (1999). The Role of Satisfaction with Leisure Travel/ Tourism Services and Experience in Satisfaction with Leisure Life and Overall Life. Jounal of Business Research, 44, 153–163.
Noor Hazarina, H., Jamie, M., & Nazlida, M. H. (2007). Islam and Online Imagery on Malaysian Tourist Destination Websites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(3), 1082–1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00364.x
Nor’ain, O., Rozian, M. T., & Shaya’a, O. (2013). Maqasid Al Shariah in the Governance and Management Strategy of Islamic Tourism Businesss, 1–16.
Norlida Hanim, M. S., Redzuan, O., Abu Hassan Shaari, M. N., & Mohd Safar, H. (2010). Malaysian Tourism Demand from the Middle East Market: A Preliminary Analysis. International Journal of West Asian, 2(1), 37–52.
Puad, A., Som, M., Marzuki, A., Yousefi, M., & Abukhalifeh, N. (2012). Factors Influencing Visitors’ Revisit Behavioral Intentions: A Case Study of Sabah , Malaysia. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(4), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v4n4p39
Rafi-uddin, S. (2012). Global Muslim Lifestyle Travel Market 2012: Landscape & Consumer Needs Study For Airlines, Destinations & Hotels/Resorts. Dinar Standard & Crescent Rating, (july), 1–17.
Rahman, M. K. (2014). Motivating factors of Islamic Tourist’s Destination Loyalty : An Empirical Investigation in Malaysia. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2(1), 63–77.
Rittichainuwat, B. N., Qu, H., & Leong, J. K. (2003). The Colective Impacts of a Bundle of Travel Determinants. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 27(2), 217–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348003251433
Rizan, M. (2010). Analysis of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction, and Its Influence on Customer Loyalty. In Oxford Business & Economics Conference Program (pp. 1–28). United Kingdom: Oxford University.
Samori, Z., & Rahman, F. A. (2013). Towards the Formation of Shariah Compliant Hotel in Malaysia: An Exploratory Study on Its Opportunities. In The 2013 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings (pp. 108–124).
Sara, S., Shamsul, G., Ling, K. C., & Hooi, K. (2012). Exploring the Antecedents of Tourist Revisit Intention : A Case Study of the Sarawak Rainforest InterHash 2010 Event. In Proceedings of Regional Conference on Tourism Research (pp. 295–305).
Shumin, F., Abdullah, C., & Alam, S. (2009). What Really Matters When Choosing a Hotel? The Case of Middle East Tourists In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality & Culinary Arts, 53–62.
Um, S., Chon, K., & Ro, Y. (2006). Antecedents of revisit intention. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 1141–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.06.003
Wilson, J. a. J., Belk, R. W., Bamossy, G. J., Sandikci, Ö., Kartajaya, H., Sobh, R., … Scott, L. (2013). Crescent Marketing, Muslim Geographies and Brand Islam: Reflections from the JIMA Senior Advisory Board. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 4(1), 22–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831311306336
Wong, I. A., King, Y., & Wan, P. (2015). A Systematic Approach to Scale Development in Tourist Shopping Satisfaction: Linking Destination Attributes and Shopping Experience. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512457263
Yuksel, A. (2000). Managing Customer Satisfaction and Retention : A Case of Tourist Destinations, Turkey, 7(2), 153–168.
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2017-10-31
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